Hand Anthropometry, Body Mass Index and Grip Strength: A Cross-Sectional Study using Modified Sphygmomanometer among Healthy Adults at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
Authors: Surajit Kundu, Rahul Ray, Richa Gurudiwan
Keywords: Hand Anthropometry,Grip Strength,Body Mass Index,Modified Sphygmomanometer,Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract:
Background: Hand anthropometry and grip strength are important indicators of functional capacity and musculoskeletal health. Grip strength is widely used as a surrogate marker of overall muscle strength and has been associated with nutritional status, morbidity, and physical performance. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between hand dimensions and grip strength; however, most investigations have assessed these variables independently, with limited integration of body mass index (BMI) and scarce data from Indian populations. Additionally, the use of cost-effective tools such as the modified sphygmomanometer remains underexplored. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hand anthropometry, BMI, and grip strength among healthy adults.
Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 310 healthy adults aged 18–60 years at a tertiary care hospital in Central India. Hand length and breadth were measured using a vernier caliper, grip strength was assessed using a modified sphygmomanometer, and BMI was calculated from height and weight measurements. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.
Results: Males exhibited significantly higher hand dimensions and grip strength compared to females (p < 0.001). Grip strength declined with advancing age across both genders. Hand length (r = 0.52) and hand breadth (r = 0.48) showed moderate positive correlations with grip strength, while BMI demonstrated a weaker association (r = 0.34). Multiple linear regression identified hand length as the strongest predictor, followed by hand breadth and BMI.
Discussion: The findings are consistent with previous national and international studies, supporting the biomechanical role of hand structure in force generation. The modest contribution of BMI highlights its limited role as an independent predictor of muscle strength.
Conclusion: Hand anthropometry is a significant determinant of grip strength, and its assessment using simple tools provides a practical approach for functional evaluation, particularly in resource-limited settings.
